逻辑数据备份
逻辑备份可以进行数据库的逻辑备份,其中ud_dump可以按需导出指定的库表等数据，ud_dumpall备份所有数据； 逻辑备份不会锁表导致无法读或写,但是会阻塞DDL操作；
ud_dumpall
可以备份整个udb实例中所有的数据，包括角色和表空间定义 示例
ud_dumpall -h 127.0.0.1 -U unvdb -p 5678 > bk-all.sql
#导出所有数据到bk-all.sql
ud_dumpall -h 127.0.0.1 -U unvdb --port=5678 -f globals.sql --globals-only
#仅备份角色和表空间定义到文件globals.sql
ud_dumpall -h 127.0.0.1 -U unvdb --port=5678 -f schema.sql -s
#仅备份表结构
详细参数
[root@udb-81 ~]# ud_dumpall --help
ud_dumpall extracts a UnvDB database cluster into an SQL script file.
Usage:
ud_dumpall [OPTION]...
General options:
-f, --file=FILENAME output file name
-v, --verbose verbose mode
-V, --version output version information, then exit
--lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock
-?, --help show this help, then exit
Options controlling the output content:
-a, --data-only dump only the data, not the schema
-c, --clean clean (drop) databases before recreating
-E, --encoding=ENCODING dump the data in encoding ENCODING
-g, --globals-only dump only global objects, no databases
-O, --no-owner skip restoration of object ownership
-r, --roles-only dump only roles, no databases or tablespaces
-s, --schema-only dump only the schema, no data
-S, --superuser=NAME superuser user name to use in the dump
-t, --tablespaces-only dump only tablespaces, no databases or roles
-x, --no-privileges do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)
--binary-upgrade for use by upgrade utilities only
--column-inserts dump data as INSERT commands with column names
--disable-dollar-quoting disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting
--disable-triggers disable triggers during data-only restore
--exclude-database=PATTERN exclude databases whose name matches PATTERN
--extra-float-digits=NUM override default setting for extra_float_digits
--if-exists use IF EXISTS when dropping objects
--inserts dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY
--load-via-partition-root load partitions via the root table
--no-comments do not dump comments
--no-publications do not dump publications
--no-role-passwords do not dump passwords for roles
--no-security-labels do not dump security label assignments
--no-subscriptions do not dump subscriptions
--no-sync do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk
--no-tablespaces do not dump tablespace assignments
--no-toast-compression do not dump TOAST compression methods
--no-unlogged-table-data do not dump unlogged table data
--on-conflict-do-nothing add ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING to INSERT commands
--quote-all-identifiers quote all identifiers, even if not key words
--rows-per-insert=NROWS number of rows per INSERT; implies --inserts
--use-set-session-authorization
use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of
ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership
Connection options:
-d, --dbname=CONNSTR connect using connection string
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory
-l, --database=DBNAME alternative default database
-p, --port=PORT database server port number
-U, --username=NAME connect as specified database user
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
--role=ROLENAME do SET ROLE before dump
If -f/--file is not used, then the SQL script will be written to the standard
output.
ud_dump
备份指定数据 示例
ud_dump -h localhost -U unvdb test1 > /backup/test1.sql
#备份test1库的数据
ud_dump -h localhost -U unvdb test1 -t tb2 > /backup/test1-tb2.sql
#只备份test1库的tb2表数据
ud_dump -h localhost -U unvdb test1 -t tb2 -t tb1 > /backup/test1-tb.sql
#只备份test1库的tb2 和tb1 表数据
ud_dump -h localhost -U unvdb test1 -s > /backup/test1-s.sql
#只导出表结构，不导出数据
ud_dump -h localhost -U unvdb test1 -a > /backup/test1-d.sql
#只导出数据，不导出表结构
详细参数
[root@udb-81 ~]# ud_dump --help
ud_dump dumps a database as a text file or to other formats.
Usage:
ud_dump [OPTION]... [DBNAME]
General options:
-f, --file=FILENAME output file or directory name
-F, --format=c|d|t|p output file format (custom, directory, tar,
plain text (default))
-j, --jobs=NUM use this many parallel jobs to dump
-v, --verbose verbose mode
-V, --version output version information, then exit
-Z, --compress=0-9 compression level for compressed formats
--lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock
--no-sync do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk
-?, --help show this help, then exit
Options controlling the output content:
-a, --data-only dump only the data, not the schema
-b, --blobs include large objects in dump
-B, --no-blobs exclude large objects in dump
-c, --clean clean (drop) database objects before recreating
-C, --create include commands to create database in dump
-e, --extension=PATTERN dump the specified extension(s) only
-E, --encoding=ENCODING dump the data in encoding ENCODING
-n, --schema=PATTERN dump the specified schema(s) only
-N, --exclude-schema=PATTERN do NOT dump the specified schema(s)
-O, --no-owner skip restoration of object ownership in
plain-text format
-s, --schema-only dump only the schema, no data
-S, --superuser=NAME superuser user name to use in plain-text format
-t, --table=PATTERN dump the specified table(s) only
-T, --exclude-table=PATTERN do NOT dump the specified table(s)
-x, --no-privileges do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)
--binary-upgrade for use by upgrade utilities only
--column-inserts dump data as INSERT commands with column names
--disable-dollar-quoting disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting
--disable-triggers disable triggers during data-only restore
--enable-row-security enable row security (dump only content user has
access to)
--exclude-table-data=PATTERN do NOT dump data for the specified table(s)
--extra-float-digits=NUM override default setting for extra_float_digits
--if-exists use IF EXISTS when dropping objects
--include-foreign-data=PATTERN
include data of foreign tables on foreign
servers matching PATTERN
--inserts dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY
--load-via-partition-root load partitions via the root table
--no-comments do not dump comments
--no-publications do not dump publications
--no-security-labels do not dump security label assignments
--no-subscriptions do not dump subscriptions
--no-synchronized-snapshots do not use synchronized snapshots in parallel jobs
--no-tablespaces do not dump tablespace assignments
--no-toast-compression do not dump TOAST compression methods
--no-unlogged-table-data do not dump unlogged table data
--on-conflict-do-nothing add ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING to INSERT commands
--quote-all-identifiers quote all identifiers, even if not key words
--rows-per-insert=NROWS number of rows per INSERT; implies --inserts
--section=SECTION dump named section (pre-data, data, or post-data)
--serializable-deferrable wait until the dump can run without anomalies
--snapshot=SNAPSHOT use given snapshot for the dump
--strict-names require table and/or schema include patterns to
match at least one entity each
--use-set-session-authorization
use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of
ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership
Connection options:
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database to dump
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory
-p, --port=PORT database server port number
-U, --username=NAME connect as specified database user
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
--role=ROLENAME do SET ROLE before dump
ud_sql 方式恢复数据
创建数据库
unvdb=# create database test1;
CREATE DATABASE
导入数据
ud_sql -h localhost -U unvdb test1 < /backup/test1.sql
验证结果
unvdb=# \c test1;
unvdb=# \c test1;
You are now connected to database "test1" as user "unvdb".
test1=# select * from tb1;
id | time | con_id | ins_id |
select_ip | server_ip
----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+--------+------
--------------------------+--------------------------------
1 | 2022-06-10 11:37:50.808206+08 | 1 | 1 | aa
| 127.0.0.1/32
(1 row)
test1=# select * from tb2;
id | time | con_id | ins_id |
select_ip | server_ip
----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+--------+------
--------------------------+--------------------------------
1 | 2022-06-10 11:52:29.412243+08 | 1 | 1 | tb2
| 127.0.0.1/32
(1 row)
ud_restore 方式恢复数据
注：当dump时选用参数 -F c 备份为二进制格式时，只能用ud_restore恢复 ud_dump -F c -f /backup/test1.c -h 127.0.0.1 -U unvdb test1
创建数据库
unvdb=# create database test1;
CREATE DATABASE
恢复全部数据
ud_restore -d test1 /backup/test1.c
恢复部分数据
ud_restore -l -f /tmp/test1.toc /backup/test1.c
#从备份文件中恢复toc文件
vi /tmp/test1.toc
#修改toc,把不想恢复的行用;注释
ud_restore -F c -L /tmp/test1.toc -d test1 /backup/test1.c
#根据toc文件，恢复没有注释的部分数据